Reports Virtual Memory Statistics. It reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, taps, and CPU activity. The first report produced gives averages since the last reboot. Additional reports give information on a sampling period of length delay. The process and memory reports are instantaneous in either case.
VMSTAT does not require special permissions. These reports are intended to help identify system bottlenecks. Linux VMSTAT does not count itself as a running process. All linux blocks are currently 1024 bytes. Old kernels may report blocks as 512 bytes, 2048 bytes, or 4096 bytes. Since procps 3.1.9, vmstat lets you choose units (k, K, m, M) default is K (1024 bytes) in the default mode
Other way to get information are /proc/meminfo , /proc/stat, /proc/*/stat.
Some of the examples are below:
[root@rahul@linux ~] vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
18 0 708 96000856 464 2555262208 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rcdn9-emaas-rdb-001 ~]#
Procs
r: The number of processes waiting for run time.
b: The number of processes in uninterruptible sleep.
Memory
swpd: the amount of virtual memory used.
free: the amount of idle memory.
buff: the amount of memory used as buffers.
cache: the amount of memory used as cache.
inact: the amount of inactive memory. (-a option)
active: the amount of active memory. (-a option)
Swap
si: Amount of memory swapped in from disk (/s).
so: Amount of memory swapped to disk (/s).
IO
bi: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).
bo: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).
System
in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
cs: The number of context switches per second.
CPU
These are percentages of total CPU time.
us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time)
sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time)
id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time.
wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, shown as zero.
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -a Active/Inactive Memory
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free inact active si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
3 0 708 95259808 1758343168 822516864 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -f
31309949 forks
Number of forks since last restart. Number of tasks. Each process is represented by one or more tasks, depending on thread usage. This display does not repeat.
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -m Displays slabinfo
Cache Num Total Size Pages
nf_conntrack_ffff89e99b09ae00 0 0 304 13
cache: Cache name
num: Number of currently active objects
total: Total number of available objects
size: Size of each object
pages: Number of pages with at least one active object
totpages: Total number of allocated pages
pslab: Number of pages per slab
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -n Same as vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
1 0 692 80950576 464 2569727744 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -s -- Event Counter and memory statistics
2774295808 total memory
2697926400 used memory
826923712 active memory
1772232960 inactive memory
76369280 free memory
464 buffer memory
2574770944 swap cache
4194300 total swap
692 used swap
4193608 free swap
328301314 non-nice user cpu ticks
3542 nice user cpu ticks
70364589 system cpu ticks
32954132294 idle cpu ticks
4865037 IO-wait cpu ticks
6250 IRQ cpu ticks
9848009 softirq cpu ticks
0 stolen cpu ticks
1030697686 pages paged in
53379068841 pages paged out
104 pages swapped in
217 pages swapped out
1162661649 interrupts
2277229811 CPU context switches
1476703567 boot time
31474117 forks
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -5
usage: vmstat [-V] [-n] [delay [count]]
-V prints version.
-n causes the headers not to be reprinted regularly.
-a print inactive/active page stats.
-d prints disk statistics
-D prints disk table
-p prints disk partition statistics
-s prints vm table
-m prints slabinfo
-t add timestamp to output
-S unit size
delay is the delay between updates in seconds.
unit size k:1000 K:1024 m:1000000 M:1048576 (default is K)
count is the number of updates.
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat 5
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
1 0 692 75732416 464 2575491584 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
5 0 692 75689440 464 2575514112 0 0 0 5130 17034 21562 2 1 97 0 0
4 0 692 75722464 464 2575530752 0 0 0 12456 15821 14389 1 1 98 0 0
4 0 692 75746632 464 2575555584 0 0 0 7586 15094 16254 1 1 99 0 0
8 0 692 75745712 464 2575565824 0 0 1 19883 16983 16501 2 1 97 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -d disk statistics
disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------
total merged sectors ms total merged sectors ms cur sec
ram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
zram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
fioa 3254 0 312287 674 24372260 0 30035851875 4223132598 0 8400
fiob 6074950 0 1074323673 1057472 455289506 0 11372152579 3526281277 0 3000
fioc 5011713 0 983469690 965440 608269179 0 45632450256 263461364 0 34203
sda 80705 607 1720668 77844 5198429 245 254745602 161652896 0 5797
dm-0 79653 0 1708072 78040 5197923 0 254693648 161865943 0 5780
dm-1 447 0 3576 957 217 0 1736 99496 0 10
dm-2 180 0 2456 188 531 0 50200 3846 0 1
dm-3 11088876 0 2058099023 2130356 1495829218 0 87040454710 4234588663 0 65385
sdb 153548 0 1575199 200552 13143910 0 19489567165 616883680 0 14527
dm-4 20766 6 512943 14624 13143910 3800089 19489567165 625004708 0 14648
dm-5 20721 0 512535 14520 16944001 0 19489567165 837507283 0 14653
Reads
total: Total reads completed successfully
merged: grouped reads (resulting in one I/O)
sectors: Sectors read successfully
ms: milliseconds spent reading
Writes
total: Total writes completed successfully
merged: grouped writes (resulting in one I/O)
sectors: Sectors written successfully
ms: milliseconds spent writing
IO
cur: I/O in progress
s: seconds spent for I/O
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -p /dev/shm
Partition was not found
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -S K
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
1 0 692 70379232 464 2579287040 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -S k
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
0 0 708 72121024 475 2641190144 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux~]# vmstat -S m
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
2 0 0 72135 0 2641250 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -S M
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
4 0 0 68850 0 2518896 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -V
procps version 3.2.8
VMSTAT does not require special permissions. These reports are intended to help identify system bottlenecks. Linux VMSTAT does not count itself as a running process. All linux blocks are currently 1024 bytes. Old kernels may report blocks as 512 bytes, 2048 bytes, or 4096 bytes. Since procps 3.1.9, vmstat lets you choose units (k, K, m, M) default is K (1024 bytes) in the default mode
Other way to get information are /proc/meminfo , /proc/stat, /proc/*/stat.
Some of the examples are below:
[root@rahul@linux ~] vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
18 0 708 96000856 464 2555262208 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rcdn9-emaas-rdb-001 ~]#
Procs
r: The number of processes waiting for run time.
b: The number of processes in uninterruptible sleep.
Memory
swpd: the amount of virtual memory used.
free: the amount of idle memory.
buff: the amount of memory used as buffers.
cache: the amount of memory used as cache.
inact: the amount of inactive memory. (-a option)
active: the amount of active memory. (-a option)
Swap
si: Amount of memory swapped in from disk (/s).
so: Amount of memory swapped to disk (/s).
IO
bi: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).
bo: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).
System
in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
cs: The number of context switches per second.
CPU
These are percentages of total CPU time.
us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time)
sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time)
id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time.
wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, shown as zero.
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -a Active/Inactive Memory
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free inact active si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
3 0 708 95259808 1758343168 822516864 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -f
31309949 forks
Number of forks since last restart. Number of tasks. Each process is represented by one or more tasks, depending on thread usage. This display does not repeat.
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -m Displays slabinfo
Cache Num Total Size Pages
nf_conntrack_ffff89e99b09ae00 0 0 304 13
cache: Cache name
num: Number of currently active objects
total: Total number of available objects
size: Size of each object
pages: Number of pages with at least one active object
totpages: Total number of allocated pages
pslab: Number of pages per slab
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -n Same as vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
1 0 692 80950576 464 2569727744 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -s -- Event Counter and memory statistics
2774295808 total memory
2697926400 used memory
826923712 active memory
1772232960 inactive memory
76369280 free memory
464 buffer memory
2574770944 swap cache
4194300 total swap
692 used swap
4193608 free swap
328301314 non-nice user cpu ticks
3542 nice user cpu ticks
70364589 system cpu ticks
32954132294 idle cpu ticks
4865037 IO-wait cpu ticks
6250 IRQ cpu ticks
9848009 softirq cpu ticks
0 stolen cpu ticks
1030697686 pages paged in
53379068841 pages paged out
104 pages swapped in
217 pages swapped out
1162661649 interrupts
2277229811 CPU context switches
1476703567 boot time
31474117 forks
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -5
usage: vmstat [-V] [-n] [delay [count]]
-V prints version.
-n causes the headers not to be reprinted regularly.
-a print inactive/active page stats.
-d prints disk statistics
-D prints disk table
-p prints disk partition statistics
-s prints vm table
-m prints slabinfo
-t add timestamp to output
-S unit size
delay is the delay between updates in seconds.
unit size k:1000 K:1024 m:1000000 M:1048576 (default is K)
count is the number of updates.
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat 5
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
1 0 692 75732416 464 2575491584 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
5 0 692 75689440 464 2575514112 0 0 0 5130 17034 21562 2 1 97 0 0
4 0 692 75722464 464 2575530752 0 0 0 12456 15821 14389 1 1 98 0 0
4 0 692 75746632 464 2575555584 0 0 0 7586 15094 16254 1 1 99 0 0
8 0 692 75745712 464 2575565824 0 0 1 19883 16983 16501 2 1 97 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -d disk statistics
disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------
total merged sectors ms total merged sectors ms cur sec
ram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
zram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
fioa 3254 0 312287 674 24372260 0 30035851875 4223132598 0 8400
fiob 6074950 0 1074323673 1057472 455289506 0 11372152579 3526281277 0 3000
fioc 5011713 0 983469690 965440 608269179 0 45632450256 263461364 0 34203
sda 80705 607 1720668 77844 5198429 245 254745602 161652896 0 5797
dm-0 79653 0 1708072 78040 5197923 0 254693648 161865943 0 5780
dm-1 447 0 3576 957 217 0 1736 99496 0 10
dm-2 180 0 2456 188 531 0 50200 3846 0 1
dm-3 11088876 0 2058099023 2130356 1495829218 0 87040454710 4234588663 0 65385
sdb 153548 0 1575199 200552 13143910 0 19489567165 616883680 0 14527
dm-4 20766 6 512943 14624 13143910 3800089 19489567165 625004708 0 14648
dm-5 20721 0 512535 14520 16944001 0 19489567165 837507283 0 14653
Reads
total: Total reads completed successfully
merged: grouped reads (resulting in one I/O)
sectors: Sectors read successfully
ms: milliseconds spent reading
Writes
total: Total writes completed successfully
merged: grouped writes (resulting in one I/O)
sectors: Sectors written successfully
ms: milliseconds spent writing
IO
cur: I/O in progress
s: seconds spent for I/O
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -p /dev/shm
Partition was not found
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -S K
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
1 0 692 70379232 464 2579287040 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -S k
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
0 0 708 72121024 475 2641190144 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux~]# vmstat -S m
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
2 0 0 72135 0 2641250 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -S M
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
4 0 0 68850 0 2518896 0 0 3 160 0 0 1 0 99 0 0
[root@rahul@linux ~]# vmstat -V
procps version 3.2.8
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